High prevalence of hepatitis B virus and low vaccine response in children and adolescents in Northeastern Brazil.

Children have an increased likelihood of becoming carriers of the chronic hepatitis B virus. A total of 1,381 children and adolescents were assessed in five municipalities of Maranhao State, Brazil, for detection of anti-HBc, HBsAg and anti-HBs serologic markers and sociodemographic and behavioral features. Among those who were HBsAg negative and anti-HBc negative, the proportion of anti-HBs positives was calculated after the individuals had completed the vaccination schedule. The robust variance of the Poisson's regression model was used in order to have adjusted tables and calculate the prevalence ratio. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with the prevalence of anti-HBc with or without HBsAg and the vaccine response. It was observed that 163 children were anti-HBc positive and nine individuals were HBsAg positive. The factors associated with the infection were: municipality of residence (residing in Morros municipality or Humberto de Campos municipality), residence in a rural area, aged between 13 and 15 years old, and illicit drug use. The percentage of individuals who were anti-HBc negative and received all three doses of the vaccine was 48.5%. Among these, only 276 (38.9%) had antibodies at protective concentrations. In an adjusted analysis, Morros municipality presented an increased positivity of vaccine response (p < 0.001), and the age ranging between 6 and 10 years old presented a reduced frequency of response. This study reveals a high prevalence of current and past HBV infection within the targeted age group which, in addition to the low vaccination coverage and serological responses, raises concerns about the management of prevention measures, especially the quality of vaccination in these locations.

High prevalence of hepatitis B virus and low vaccine response in children and adolescents in Northeastern Brazil

ABSTRACT Children have an increased likelihood of becoming carriers of the chronic hepatitis B virus. A total of 1,381 children and adolescents were assessed in five municipalities of Maranhao State, Brazil, for detection of anti-HBc, HBsAg and anti-HBs serologic markers and sociodemographic and behavioral features. Among those who were HBsAg negative and anti-HBc negative, the proportion of anti-HBs positives was calculated after the individuals had completed the vaccination schedule. The robust variance of the Poisson's regression model was used in order to have adjusted tables and calculate the prevalence ratio. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with the prevalence of anti-HBc with or without HBsAg and the vaccine response. It was observed that 163 children were anti-HBc positive and nine individuals were HBsAg positive. The factors associated with the infection were: municipality of residence (residing in Morros municipality or Humberto de Campos municipality), residence in a rural area, aged between 13 and 15 years old, and illicit drug use. The percentage of individuals who were anti-HBc negative and received all three doses of the vaccine was 48.5%. Among these, only 276 (38.9%) had antibodies at protective concentrations. In an adjusted analysis, Morros municipality presented an increased positivity of vaccine response (p < 0.001), and the age ranging between 6 and 10 years old presented a reduced frequency of response. This study reveals a high prevalence of current and past HBV infection within the targeted age group which, in addition to the low vaccination coverage and serological responses, raises concerns about the management of prevention measures, especially the quality of vaccination in these locations.

PAGE-B and REACH-B Predicts the Risk of Developing Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients from Northeast, Brazil.

This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of the PAGE-B and REACH-B scores in predicting the risk of developing HCC in patients with chronic hepatitis B regularly followed up at a reference service in the State of Maranhão. A historical, longitudinal, retrospective cohort study, carried out from the review of medical records of patients with chronic Hepatitis B. PAGE-B and REACH-B scores were calculated and the accuracy of the scores in predicting the risk of HCC in the studied population was evaluated. A total of 978 patients were included, with a median age of around 47 years, most of them female and not cirrhotic. HCC was identified in 34 patients. Thrombocytopenia, high viral load, male gender and age were associated with the occurrence of HCC. The ROC curve for the PAGE-B score showed a value of 0.78 and for the REACH-B score of 0.79. The cutoff point for PAGE-B was 11 points for greater sensitivity and for REACH-B 7.5 points considering greater sensitivity and 9.5 points considering greater specificity. PAGE-B and REACH-B scores were able to predict the risk of developing HCC in the studied population. The use of risk stratification scores is useful to reduce costs associated with HCC screening.

Maternal vaccination against group B Streptococcus glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase leads to gut dysbiosis in the offspring.

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) remains a major neonatal life-threatening pathogen. We initially identified glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as a promising vaccine candidate against GBS. Since GAPDH is highly conserved, we investigate whether GBS GAPDH maternal vaccination interferes with the intestinal colonization of the offspring and the development of its mucosal immune system and central nervous system. An altered gut microbiome with increased Proteobacteria is observed in pups born from vaccinated dams during early life. These pups present decreased relative expression of IL-1ß, IL-17A, RegIIIγ and MUC2 in the distal colon. They also display increased CD11b, F4/80 and MHC class II expression on microglia in early life and marked reduction of Ly6C+ cells and neutrophils. Importantly, male mice born from vaccinated mothers present behavioral abnormalities during adulthood, including decreased exploratory behavior, a subtle anxious-like phenotype and global alterations in spatial learning and memory strategies, and higher sensitivity to a stressful stimulus. Our study highlights the danger of using ubiquitous antigens in maternal human vaccines against neonatal pathogens.

Linfoma de Burkitt Primário de Mama: Relato de Caso / Primary Breast Burkitt Lymphoma: Case Report / Linfoma de Burkitt Primario de Mama: Relato de Caso

Introdução: O linfoma primário de mama (LPM) representa cerca de 0,5% das neoplasias mamárias, sendo considerado um tipo raro de tumor. Alguns dos tipos de LPM, por sua vez, possuem ligação intensa com o período gravídico e pós-parto em virtude do estímulo hormonal. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar um caso de LPM com apresentação rara de linfoma de Burkitt, considerando propostas terapêuticas eficazes para o seguimento. Relato do caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 23 anos, portadora de tumoração periareolar em mama direita com aspecto de casca de laranja e crescimento rápido há um mês, queixas flogísticas no local da lesão, bom estado geral e sem outros sintomas associados. O quadro relatado iniciou-se sete meses após a expulsão fetal com feto morto. A paciente foi submetida à biópsia da lesão e encaminhada para seguimento ambulatorial sem sucesso, necessitando de retorno ao ambiente hospitalar por piora das condições clínicas e extensão da tumoração. Houve diagnóstico de linfoma de Burkitt, com tratamento multidisciplinar, sendo submetida a protocolo CODOX-M de quimioterapia, com óbito após 22 dias de acompanhamento hospitalar. Conclusão: Este relato demonstra uma situação rara em uma paciente jovem, ressaltando a importância de investigar as alterações mamárias, de maneira eficaz, para um diagnóstico precoce correto e um tratamento adequado, em todas as faixas etárias

Introduction: Primary breast lymphoma (PML) represents about 0.5% of breast cancers, being considered a rare type of tumor. Some of the types of PML, in turn, have an intense connection with the pregnancy and postpartum period due to hormonal stimulation. The aim of this study is to report a case of PML with a rare presentation of Burkitt's lymphoma, considering effective therapeutic proposals for follow-up. Case report: A 23-year-old female patient with a peri-areolar tumor in the right breast with orange peel aspect and rapid growth for one month, phlogistic complaints at the lesion site, good general condition and no other associated symptoms. The reported condition started seven months after fetal expulsion with a dead fetus. The patient underwent lesion biopsy and was referred to an outpatient follow-up with unsuccessful outcome, requiring return to the hospital due to worsening of clinical conditions and extension of the tumor. There was a diagnosis of Burkitt's lymphoma, with multidisciplinary treatment. She underwent the CODOX-M chemotherapy protocol, and died after 22 days of hospital follow-up. Conclusion: This report demonstrates a rare situation in a young patient, emphasizing the importance of effective investigation of breast changes so that correct early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can be made for all age groups

Introducción: El linfoma primario de mama (LMP) representa aproximadamente el 0,5% de los cánceres de mama, siendo considerado un tipo de tumor poco común. Algunos de los tipos de LPM, a su vez, tienen una conexión intensa con el embarazo y el posparto debido a la estimulación hormonal. El objetivo de este estudio es reportar un caso de LMP con rara presentación de linfoma de Burkitt, considerando propuestas terapéuticas efectivas para el seguimiento. Relato del caso: Paciente, 23 años, con un tumor periareolar en la mama derecha con aspecto de piel de naranja y rápido crecimiento durante un mes, quejas flogísticas en el sitio de la lesión, buen estado general y ningún otro. síntomas asociados. La condición reportada comenzó siete meses después de la expulsión fetal con un feto muerto. El paciente fue sometido a biopsia de la lesión y fue derivado sin éxito a seguimiento ambulatorio, requiriendo el retorno al entorno hospitalario por empeoramiento de la clínica y extensión del tumor. Hubo un diagnóstico de linfoma de Burkitt, con tratamiento multidisciplinario. Se sometió al protocolo de quimioterapia CODOX-M y murió a los 22 días de seguimiento hospitalario. Conclusión: Este informe demuestra una situación poco común en una paciente joven, enfatizando la importancia de investigar de manera efectiva los cambios en los senos para un diagnóstico temprano correcto y un tratamiento adecuado en todos los grupos de edad

Fragmentation study of clerodane diterpenes from Casearia species by tandem mass spectrometry (quadrupole time-of-flight and ion trap).

RATIONALE: Clerodane-type diterpenes from Casearia species show important pharmacological activites such as antitumor, antimicrobial and anti-inflamatory. There are several mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods for identification of diterpenes; however, there is still a lack of MS procedures capable of providing characteristic fragmentation pathways for a rapid and unambiguous elucidation of casearin-like compounds. METHODS: Casearin-like compounds were investigated by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). The fragmentation studies were carried out by tandem mass spectrometry in space (quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF)) using different collision energies and also by tandem mass spectrometry in time (QIT) by selective isolation of product ions. RESULTS: Casearin-like compounds presented a predominance of sodium- and potassium-cationized precursor ions. Both QIT and QTOF techniques provided sequential neutral losses of esters related to the R1 to R5 substituents linked to the nucleus of the clerodane diterpenes. The fragmentation pathway is initiated with a cleavage of the ester moieties R2 followed by the elimination of the ester groups R3 , both losing neutral carboxylic acids. Using QIT, it was also possible to observe the cleavage of the ester groups R1 or R5 by MS4 experiments. CONCLUSIONS: Through a rational analysis of the fragmentation mechanisms of Casearia diterpenes it was possible to suggest an annotation strategy based on the sequential cleavages of the ester groups related to the R2 , R3 and R5 substituents. These results will assist studies of the dereplication and metabolomics involving casearin-like compounds present in complex extracts of Casearia species.

Climate effects on physicochemical composition of Syrah grapes at low and high altitude sites from tropical grown regions of Brazil.

The major areas of the world where viticulture is practiced enjoy temperate or cool temperature climates. When wine grapes are grown in tropical regions, edaphoclimatic factors result in distinct grape quality attributes, and production techniques also require significant adjustment. The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical compositions, in particular of phenolic compounds, of Syrah grapes grown in two location in northeast Brazil - these are also at widely different altitudes. A range of methods of phenolic extraction were used, along with classical chemical analyses including for organic acids, sugars, monomeric anthocyanins, flavonols, stilbene, condensed tannins and some of the monomeric and small oligomeric procyanidins. The regions and their diverse environments had a larger influence than harvest year. The grapes at higher altitude (Bahia, 1.100 m asl (metres above sea level) were characterized by higher levels of malic acid, anthocyanins and condensed tannins in the skins. The low-altitude grapes (Pernambuco, 350 m asl (metres above sea level) had higher levels of glucose, fructose, 3-O-acetylglucoside anthocyanins and condensed tannins in the seeds. Fruit composition was highly influenced by the region. In the low-altitude region, the grapes were characterized by higher tartaric and citric acid in the must, also of flavonols in skins and of tannins in the seeds. Meanwhile, the fruit from the high altitude, contained higher levels of malic and succinic acid in the must, and of anthocyanins and condensed tannins in the skins.

Chemical characteristics of grapes cv. Syrah (Vitis vinifera L.) grown in the tropical semiarid region of Brazil (Pernambuco state): influence of rootstock and harvest season.

BACKGROUND: Obtaining two or more successive annual vintages from the same vineyard is characteristic of regions with a tropical climate, such as the Submédio of the São Francisco Valley, Brazil. The present study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of grapes in four production cycles (i.e. two calendar years) when considering the interaction between cv. Syrah and two rootstocks. For a broad characterization, two methodologies for the extraction of phenolic compounds were used, as well as different methods of analysis. RESULTS: The results obtained showed that there was an influence of rootstock and harvest season. Grapes from vines grafted onto IAC 313 contained higher concentrations of total condensed tannins (skins) and flavanols than grapes from vines grafted onto 1103P. However, the grape samples from the vines grafted onto 1103P contained higher levels of monomeric anthocyanins than the grape samples from the vines grafted onto IAC 313. The first harvest season was characterized by higher concentrations of most phenolic compounds than the second harvest season. CONCLUSION: In the present study, it was possible to confirm that, in the semiarid region of Brazil, the interaction between the cultivar Syrah and the different rootstocks, as well as the climatic conditions in each harvest season, influenced the composition of the grapes, mainly in relation to phenolic compounds. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

In vitro and in vivo anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of Casearia sylvestris leaf derivatives.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The number of bacterial strains that are resistant to multiple conventional antimicrobial agents is increasing. In this context, natural products have been widely used as a strategy to treat diseases caused by bacteria. Infections by Helicobacter pylori have attracted attention because they are directly related to severe gastric medical conditions. Casearia sylvestris Swartz, popularly known as guaçatonga, is largely employed to treat gastric disorders in Brazilian folk medicine. This plant species has aroused much interest mainly because it displays anti-inflammatory activity and can act as an antiulcer agent. AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anti-H. pylori action of C. sylvestris leaf derivatives incorporated or not in a nanostructured drug delivery system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The essential oil (obtained by hydrodistillation) and ethanolic extract (obtained by maceration) were obtained from C. sylvestris leaves. The ethanolic extract was submitted to fractionation through solid phase extraction and column chromatography, to yield the ethanolic fractions. Hydrolyzed casearin J was achieved by submitting isolated casearin J to acid hydrolysis. The derivatives were chemically characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gas chromatography (GC), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. A nanostructured lipid system was used as drug delivery system. To assess the in vitro antibacterial activity of C. sylvestris leaf essential oil, ethanolic extract, and derivatives, microdilution, biofilm, and time-kill assays were performed against H. pylori ATCC 43504. Finally, the in vivo action was investigated by employing male Wistar rats experimentally infected with H. pylori. RESULTS: Many C. sylvestris leaf derivatives presented significant in vitro activity against H. pylori. Among the derivatives, fraction 2 (F2) was the most effective. In vivo tests showed that both the ethanolic extract and F2 decreased the ulcerative lesion size, but only the ethanolic extract eradicated H. pylori from the gastric lesions. Incorporation of plant derivatives in nanostructured lipid system blunted the in vitro action, as demonstrated by the microdilution assay. However, this incorporation improved the ethanolic extract activity against biofilms. CONCLUSION: C. sylvestris leaf derivatives are effective against H. pylori both in vitro and in vivo. According to phytochemical analyses, these derivatives are rich in terpenoids, which could be related to the anti-H. pylori action. Synergism could also underlie C. sylvestris efficacy judging from the fact that the sub-fractions and isolated compounds had lower activity than the extract. Incorporation in a nanostructured lipid system did not improve the activity of the compounds in our in vivo protocol.

Anti-inflammatory action of ethanolic extract and clerodane diterpenes from Casearia sylvestris

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract from Casearia sylvestris Sw., Salicaceae, leaves and to identify the compounds responsible for this activity. The ethanolic extract from C. sylvestris leaves was fractionated by solid phase extraction and the chemical composition of extract and fractions were assessed by chromatographic techniques. Casearin-like clerodane diterpenes were quantified in ethanolic extract (27.4%, w/w) and in fraction 2 of solid phase extraction (50.6%, w/w). Carrageenan-induced paw edema and carrageenan-induced pleurisy assays (rats) were used to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract, its fractions and clerodane diterpenes from C. sylvestris - caseargrewiin F and casearin B. The ethanolic extract was tested in the rat paw edema model and the doses tested (10 and 100 mg/kg) had no effect. In the pleurisy model, the extract doses of 300 and 500 mg/kg showed inhibitory effect. The fraction 2 of solid phase extraction (10 mg/kg), caseargrewiin F and casearin B (0.5 mg/kg) showed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of the carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats compared to indomethacin. Gastric ulcers were not observed in animals treated with samples from C. sylvestris. In conclusion, the ethanolic extract from C. sylvestris, its enriched fraction of clerodane diterpenes, casearin B and caseargrewiin F exhibited anti-inflammatory activity on in vivo models in rats. Casearin-like clerodane diterpenes may be considered active chemical markers for C. sylvestris leaves. On the other hand, these diterpenes are promising compounds in the development of new drugs with anti-inflammatory action without gastric side effects.

Correlação entre densidade populacional de nematoides e produtividade de algodoeiro / Correlation between density population of nematodes and productivity of cotton

O sistema de produção do algodoeiro em Mato Grosso tem tido sua produtividade reduzida e seus custos de produção aumentados em função da presença dos nematoides. Entre os nematoides associados à cultura, estão Pratylenchus brachyurus, Meloidogyne incognita e Rotylenchulus reniformis, podendo ocorrer isoladamente ou de forma simultânea. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar efeitos de diferentes densidades populacionais de nematoides em duas cultivares de algodoeiro (FMT 701 e IMACD 6001LL). A presença simultânea dos referidos nematoides contribuíram para a redução da produtividade. Comparando a produção nessas áreas foi possível observar perdas em média, 23,1% e 35% no rendimento de algodão em caroço para as cultivares IMACD 6001 LL e FMT 701, respectivamente, em áreas infestadas.

The cotton crop is of great commercial value, main for its fiber and are adding each year the area under cultivation in the state of Mato Grosso, thus increasing its importance to the State. The system of cotton production in Mato Grosso has had its productivity and reduced production costs increased due to the presence of nematodes. Among the nematodes associated to the culture are Pratylenchus brachyurus, Meloidogyne incognita and Rotylenchulus reniformis, which may occur alone or in combination with one or more nematodes. This study aimed to evaluate effects of different population densities of nematodes in two varieties of cotton (FMT 701 and IMACD 6001LL). The simultaneous occurrence of Pratylenchus brachyurus, Meloidogyne incognita and Rotylenchulus reniformis, contributed to reduced productivity and increased costs. Comparing the production in these areas was possible to observe losses on average, 23.1% and 35% in seed cotton yield, for cultivars IMACD 6001 LL and FMT 701, respectively, in infested areas

Os 40 anos sem Lukács e o debate contemporâneo nas ciências humanas / The 40 years without Lukács and the contemporary discussion in humanities

Após quatro décadas de sua morte, o filósofo marxista húngaro György Lukács tem sido um exilado da cultura contemporânea. O objetivo deste artigo é entender as causas de esse autor de tão densa envergadura ter a verdadeira fortuna crítica que constitui o seu espólio desprezada nos debates ora em curso nas ciências humanas.

After four decades of his death, the Hungarian Marxist philosopher György Lukács has been an exile from contemporary culture. The aim of this paper is to understand the causes of this author of so dense scale have true wealth which constitutes his estate overlooked in discussions now underway in the humanities.

Reconstrução de maxila atrófica com enxerto ósseo de calota craniana para instalação de implantes osseointegrados / Atrophic maxillary reconstruction using calvarial bone grafts for dental implant placement

Os enxertos ósseos de origem extrabucal têm sido com freqüência utilizados para reconstruções extensas do rebordo alveolar. Os sítios doadores normalmente utilizados são: ilíaco, costela, tíbia e calota craniana. Dentre as áreas doadoras, a calota craniana tem sido uma das opções de escolha por apresentar baixo índice de complicações pós-operatórias, baixa morbidade e menor reabsorção pós-cirúrgica. Esta técnica permite, após seis meses da cirurgia, a realização de procedimentos reconstrutivos como a instalação de implantes osseointegrados para posterior reabilitação protética. O presente trabalho apresenta um caso clínico de enxerto ósseo de calota craniana em maxila atrófica para posterior reabilitação com implantes osseointegrados

[Surgical treatment of scoliosis in spinal muscular atrophy]. / Tratamento cirúrgico da escoliose na amiotrofia espinhal progressiva.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the early and late postoperative data from SMA patients with surgical procedure. METHOD: Clinical data and radiographic imaging from 14 SMA patients with surgical treatment of scoliosis were reviewed, and all were reassessed clinically with new spinal radiographs and a questionnaire. The mean follow-up were 22 months. The mean preoperative Cobb angle was 78.4 . All patients presented pelvic obliquity (mean 25.5 ) and 11 had cifosis. The mean age at time of surgery was 12 years and 3 months. All patients were treated with posterior spinal fusion with Luque-Galveston instrumentation in 12 and Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation in 2. RESULTS: The average curve correction at the immediate postoperative was 64.3% for scoliosis and 36.4% for cifosis, with the pelvic obliquity correction of the 70.9%. The complications were liquoric fistula and infection earlier in one case, and lately wire looseness of T1 in 2 patients. It was detected mean lost of the correction at the final assessment of the 0.26 of the scoliosis and the 1.28 of the pelvic obliquity. Relatives and the patients related good improvement regarding to esthetic aspects, posture balance, body care, as well as respiratory problems. CONCLUSION: The spinal fusion for scoliosis in SMA patients has a satisfactory impact for esthetic, quality of life and respiratory function, with minimal lost of corrected deformities and few complications.

Tratamento cirúrgico da escoliose na amiotrofia espinhal progressiva / Surgical treatment of scoliosis in spinal muscular atrophy

OBJETIVO: Descrever os resultados imediatos e tardios da cirurgia para correçäo de escoliose em pacientes com amiotrofia espinhal progressiva (AEP). MÉTODO: 14 pacientes com AEP submetidos a cirurgia para escoliose foram selecionados para análise retrospectiva dos prontuários e radiografias, assim como para exame radiográfico e aplicaçäo de um questionário na consulta final. O tempo médio de seguimento foi de 22 meses. A escoliose média pré-operatória foi de 78,4º pelo método de Cobb. Todos os pacientes apresentavam obliqüidade pélvica (média de 25,5º) e 11 apresentavam cifose. A média de idade à época da cirurgia foi de 12 anos e 3 meses. Em 12 pacientes foi realizada artrodese via posterior com instrumental de Luque-Galveston, e em 2 com instrumental de Cotrel-Dubousset. RESULTADOS: Foi obtida correçäo no pós-operatório imediato de 64,3 por cento da escoliose, 36,4 por cento da cifose e 70,9 por cento da obliqüidade pélvica. As complicaçöes foram fístula liquórica e infecçäo precocemente em um caso; e tardiamente soltura da amarria de T1, em dois casos. Houve perda média de correçäo no final do seguimento de 0,26º da escoliose e de 1,28º da obliqüidade pélvica. Os pais e os pacientes referiram boa melhora em relaçäo aos aspectos estéticos, postura, equilíbrio para sentar e cuidados de higiene, assim como das intercorrências respiratórias. CONCLUSÄO: A cirurgia para escoliose na AEP tem impacto satisfatório quanto à estética, qualidade de vida e funçäo respiratória dos pacientes, com mínima perda da correçäo obtida com o tempo e com poucas complicaçöes

Aspectos radiológicos da atresia brônquica: relato de três casos e revisão da literatura / Radiological aspects of bronchial atresia: report of three cases and review of the literature

A atresia brônquica é uma anomalia congênita rara que usualmente produz massa justa-hilar com hipertransparência distal à radiografia simples. A maioria dos pacientes é jovem e não apresenta sintomas. A tomografia computadorizada confirma o diagnóstico, permitindo o manejo conservador nos casos assintomáticos. Os autores relatam três casos de atresia brônquica. Um caso, de particular interesse, estava associado a volumosa broncocele em paciente do sexo feminino, de 45 anos de idade, que apresentou quadro sintomático de infecção respiratória. O diagnóstico foi estabelecido por meio dos achados da radiologia convencional, da tomografia computadorizada e da comparação com radiografias convencionais e tomografia linear prévios, que já demonstravam alterações. Realizou-se uma revisão sobre os achados clínicos e radiológicos dessa malformação

Bronchial atresia is a rare congenital abnormality that usually shows a juxta-hilar mass with distal radiolucency on conventional x-ray films. Most patients are young and have no symptoms. Computed tomography usually confirms the diagnosis, allowing conservative management of the asymptomatic cases. The authors report three cases of bronchial obstruction. One of the patients was of particular importance and interest, a 45-year-old female patient with symptoms of respiratory infection, due to the association with a bulky bronchocele. The diagnosis was made by analyzing the findings of conventional x-ray films and computed tomography, and the comparison with previous conventional x-ray films and linear tomography, which had already demonstrated abnormalities. A literature review on the clinical and radiological findings of this pulmonary malformation is presented.